Summation in the matter PJSC Uralkali versus Messrs G Rowley and J Baker – as joint administrators of Formula 1 team Force India (in administration) – was heard last Friday and Monday this week before Mr Justice Miles in the Royal Courts of Justice, 7 Rolls Buildings in London. The eight-day hearing had run since November 10th, with the 20rd and 23th set aside for final arguments.
The matter was revealed by RaceFans in August 2018, within days of the sale of team assets to a syndicate headed by Lawrence Stroll, and subsequently entered under the new name Racing Point from that year’s Belgian Grand Prix.The subsequent developments were covered as follows:
- Why Force India’s rescue deal could still unravel
- Uralkali still wants to buy Force India if administration is overturned
- Force India administrators to be sued by Mazepin company over team’s sale
- Force India administrators expect Uralkali lawsuit to be dismissed
- Uralkali granted disclosure order in Force India case
- Racing Point and Haas settle two-year-old row over F1 prize money
The back story to the final link above formed a major part of summations as there were doubts in August 2018 whether all (nine) teams would agree to a transfer of the full annual prize monies Force India had earned by that time (up to $60 million) to Racing Point. In terms of F1’s agreements the new entity would not be entitled to full prize monies for two years without consensus. This could clearly affect its eventual price.
Rowley is an experienced F1 team administrator, having acted in that role with Marussia and its successor team Manor MRT. The latter was powered by Mercedes engines, thus there had been historical dealings between Rowley and the German F1 operation.
RaceFans was granted access to the Opus2 video court system and was able to observe proceedings closely. From his probing it became clear Mr Justice Miles, formerly a barrister specialising in civil fraud (often with foreign elements), commercial and financial law, having studied at Oxford University – is perfectly equipped to preside over this dispute.
In court and in written submissions barristers on both sides presented persuasive arguments. Tim Lord QC led Uralkali’s charge; the defendants were represented by Jonathan Crow QC. Effectively the latter’s case hinges on robust denials and systematic deconstruction of all charges, combined with harsh words about the veracity of testimony submitted by Paul Ostling, a senior Uralkali director and leader of the bid team.
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Initially there were two bid options for the sale of the team, the details of which are essential to what transpired:
Plan B: An asset purchase where only hardware would change hands, without company registration and – crucially – no guarantee of an entrant licence or a continuation of prize monies under prevailing F1 regulations which require a team (company registration) to race for two seasons before qualifying for full revenues.
The latter option was eventually transacted, with Stroll being the successful purchaser after he allegedly later switched his bid from Plan A to B having – so claim the joint administrators (JAs) – provided “a fall-back commitment to acquire the business and assets in case the rescue did not complete.” This switch, says Uralkali, was irregular and cost their company a substantial global marketing platform in addition to considerable costs of mounting a bid.
However, according to the JAs’ submission Stroll withdrew his Plan A offer as it could have left him facing reputational risk – as reports had surfaced that Mallya had accepted a bribe – and had doubts over what he was actually buying. Plus, the Indian banks were demanding “a statutory declaration from him which he regarded as onerous and equivalent to a personal guarantee.”
A spokesperson for Stroll clarified his stance on that matter as follows: “Racing Point was not unwilling to provide the statutory declaration sought by the Indian banks. However, doing so would have put Racing Point in a contractually untenable position.
“By the time the Indian banks had finally provided an acceptable alternative approach to the statutory declaration, the rescue deadline under the bid letter had passed. Racing Point and the administrators were then contractually obliged to proceed with the sale and purchase of Force India’s assets.”
As expected, the defendants went to great lengths to outline their due diligence and strenuously deny wrongdoing – citing the financial and time pressures required to complete a deal ahead of resumption of racing after F1’s August break – and vehemently deny any bias in favour of the Stroll bid, maintaining that Uralkali simply did not present a sufficiently persuasive overall package, and thus lost out commercially.
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Stroll is, of course, the father of F1 racer Lance. There is far more at stake here than the rivalry of two billionaire fathers, and from a legal perspective both are only peripherally connected. That said, it would be a stretch for either to suggest their sons’ aspirations played no part in their interests in acquiring an F1 team – Stroll has done so, and Mazepin has been linked to a potential investment at Haas.
In its submissions, Uralkali alleges the administrators “represented (i) that the successful bidder would be selected on the basis of the best Plan B offer and (ii) a level playing-field would operate as between the bidders”, yet “nevertheless proceeded to select another bidder, Racing Point (a company owned by a Canadian businessman, Mr Stroll).” In short, Uralkali alleges the playing field was tilted in favour of Stroll’s bid.
The claimant further alleges, “Mr Stroll was, all along, the favoured bidder both of the JAs and Mercedes (a major supplier to Force India, with whom the JAs liaised closely). The JAs gave substantial assistance to Mr Stroll in the run-up to the final bid – which included (but was not limited to) passing to him on 5th August (before the final-round bid) confidential information about the bid structure taken from Uralkali’s first-round offer.”
May 2018 press reports suggesting “Mercedes was interested in developing a ‘B team’, which means a ‘shadow’ team to which Mercedes would supply parts and allow it to test new technology” are cited in evidence, as is “the possibility that Mercedes would be interested in developing Force India into its ‘B’ team through a tie- up with Mr Stroll.”
The claimant states Rowley – then acting as a debt restructuring practitioner on behalf of FRP Advisory – was “parachuted” into Force India by Mercedes’ head of legal, Oliver Rumsey, in late May 2018 – well ahead of the administration of Force India – with a view to a “pre-pack administration.” Thus, they claim, the administrators had a bias towards a buyer chosen by Mercedes – themselves, or the Stroll bid.
RaceFans had previously learned that a number of prospective buyers had also expressed interest in purchasing the team prior to its going into administration, including New York investment fund Castle Harlan, Moorad Group (sports marketing), Rich Energy (the energy drink which spent a short but acrimonious spell as Haas’s title sponsor last year) and the (Michael) Andretti Group. Court papers substantiate that information.
Then, as revealed by RaceFans at the time, before a sale could be concluded Force India went into administration. This was triggered by Brockstone Ltd, a company linked to driver Sergio Perez. In one swoop all previous interest was rendered moot. Rowley and his team were appointed as administrators by the courts, and the bid process commenced.
Castle Harlan and Moorad dropped out early while Andretti’s Plan B offer was clearly deemed insufficient. Rich Energy’s offer was disqualified after the sale switched from Plan A to B. Uralkali, which originally claimed to have cut a deal with Mallya, submitted only a Plan B bid. This £101.5m offer included “a ratchet mechanism increasing the offer in the event of a higher offer from a competing party up to a maximum of £122m”.
Rowley is also said to have previously suggested a joint venture of sorts between the Stroll syndicate and Uralkali, with the latter further alleging that Rowley met with Stroll and then helped him structure his consortium’s £90m winning bid – up from an initial £75m. However, the JAs submit the idea was conceived by Force India COO Otmar Szafnauer (now Racing Point CEO), then “developed by [Mercedes Motorsport CEO] Toto Wolff.”
Indeed, the claimants allege, “within an hour of the bids coming in, Mr Rowley discussed the bids with Toto Wolff of Mercedes. Mr Wolff told Mr Rowley that Mr Mazepin was ‘too late to the party’, he [Wolff] had been involved in advanced discussions with Mr Stroll for the last 10 days and that ‘he would only back Lawrence Stroll’s bid’.”
The question is: Assuming the foregoing to be the accurate, what happened in the interim to lead Wolff to soften his stance on Uralkali’s bid? RaceFans was independently told at the time that Mazepin called Mercedes senior executives and suggested future orders for their trucks placed by Uralkali’s global operations – a figure of 7,000 units was mentioned – could go elsewhere.
Allegedly Wolff added in a subsequent call involving Rowley and Mazepin that Mercedes had signed “a very advantageous agreement” with Stroll, “therefore he was their preferred bidder”.
When Wolff was asked during a team media conference during the Turkish Grand Prix weekend to comment on the matter, he declined to do so, saying, “Because it’s an ongoing court case that we are not involved in, I can’t.” While Mercedes is not (directly) involved in the matter, it is certainly connected, so was this comment evasive or simply a non-denial?
Equally, the documents contain serious but unsubstantiated allegations that Mallya solicited bribes from prospective buyers to facilitate a Plan A sale – he is said to have insisted on a minor shareholding so as “to be allowed an honourable exit” – with Uralkali suggesting (again unsubstantiated) that Stroll had ventured down this path and later refused to sign a waiver to this effect, citing “reputational risk”. Crucially, Mr Justice Miles made clear that he did not view “honourable exit” to be tantamount to soliciting a bribe.
Although Racing Point initially refused to provide comment, telling RaceFans, “Racing Point is not party to the case and it wouldn’t be right for us to comment”, a personal spokesperson for Stroll subsequently said in a telephone call: “This lawsuit is between Uralkali and the former court-appointed administrators of Force India who oversaw the sale of the team in mid-2018. Mr Stroll is not involved in the case at all.
“The unfounded allegations that have been made about Mr Stroll in court are not only untrue, they are based solely on what Mr Ostling, a director of Uralkali, claimed to have inferred from his own communications with Dr Vijay Mallya that there had been some form of bribe. Dr Mallya has also described the allegations as ‘nonsense’.”
Uralkali’s submission closes with summaries of the relationship between Mercedes and Racing Point by outlining the ‘pink Mercedes’ matter, Wolff’s purchase of shares in Aston Martin – now controlled by Stroll – and a recent acquisition by Mercedes of a 15% holding in the ‘James Bond’ brand, taking its total stake to 20%.
While Stroll hit back at the allegations, Mercedes has not (yet) done so despite its stringent corporate compliance regime. Intriguingly, a number of the allegations contained within court documents filed by both sides had previously been shared with RaceFans by independent sources. However, in true F1 style, much of the whole truth is unlikely to ever emerge.
For the defendants, Crow told the court that Rowley had never promised to pick the highest bidder, stating that the overall package was crucial in order to ensure the best possible outcome for all interested parties. The barrister questioned: “Why expose Mercedes, the supposed puppet master, to the risk that someone else might win? It’s just nonsense to say [Rowley] did what he did to please Mercedes.”
He did, though, submit that Mercedes may have initially preferred Stroll’s consortium, but eventually agreed to provide engines to whoever won the bid. The claims Mercedes attempted to influence the process must surely set alarm bells ringing in Stuttgart.
In closing the case Mr Justice Miles said: “It won’t surprise you to know that I’m not going to give judgment now or tomorrow and I will take it away and think about it very carefully.” No judgement date was indicated by him, although sources suggest it was unlikely that the verdict would be delivered “much before Christmas”.
As always with litigation it is impossible to call which direction it will eventually go, and an appeal is likely to follow whatever Mr Justice Miles decides upon. However, this matter perfectly encapsulates the high stakes at play in F1, with the acrimonious off-track machinations involved in what should be a straightforward purchase of a team clearly being as hard-fought – if not more so – as the contest for the world championship.
But a lingering thought remains: Given the Haas prize money dispute, the ‘pink Mercedes’ barbs (tellingly, the team withdrew its appeal against the damning stewards’ verdict) and further controversies that have dogged Racing Point since August 2018, does Stroll not seriously regret his mid-stream switch from Plan A to B, without which Uralkali would have been saddled with the team and the very messy aftermath?
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F1JohnS (@)
25th November 2020, 13:08
How can Stroll have regrets when his Son took pole in the last race, that was never gonna happen at Williams in the timeframe, now was it.
Yaru (@yaru)
25th November 2020, 13:34
Pretty much, and with cost caps and more equal prize distribution coming in, money can potentially be made if things return to normal after a few years.
The Dolphins
25th November 2020, 13:55
Add to that the increased fee for a new team entry and every existing team’s value increasing. I don’t don’t see Stroll at all bothered by the developments. Stroll is in a much better position, at least financially, as a result of purchasing FI.
BasCB (@bascb)
25th November 2020, 13:56
On the one hand that doesn’t make sense @f1johns. On the other hand, I can easily see how emotionally this would make a world of difference to a proud father!
BasCB (@bascb)
25th November 2020, 14:04
Thank you @dieterrencken for being close on this case. It sure is, and keeps being a bit of a mess.
The mess probably started with Mallya not wanting to give up (since it was the last piece of his empire he was keeping hold of at the time), asking for too much to save himself. But it does seem quite likely that Mercedes working with Stroll (probably ever since Williams did not like the idea of becoming a Mercedes B-team) to make this transfer happen, with the Aston Martin brand in mind. I guess Perez helping out to bring things to a head would also explain why his team was so upset about eventually losing out of the seat this year.
I can easily see how much back room dealing, talking, persuasion etc will almost certainly have been going on in the background. I guess that if Mazepin ends up making a deal with Haas there might even have been some favours granted in the process either from F1, from Mercedes or from Stroll to make everything go away.
In Bernies times, I would fully expect things to get even more complicated by BE himself taking interest (maybe wanting to help Mazepin and oppose Mercedes’ to fight the brand becoming too powerfull in F1), although then brokering a deal where the Haas complaint against the prize money gets smoothed out, Mazepin gets what he wants in a seat for his son and Stroll gets RP to rebrand as this nice brand that makes a good PR point for F1 with joining in.
The Dolphins
25th November 2020, 16:50
I’d be interested to know if Perez has any new evidence to bring to this case now that his services at RP are no longer needed.
obster
25th November 2020, 16:59
Very much my thoughts as I read this article. Well said, BasCB.
Excellent post by Dieter. Lots of detail!
Shimks (@shimks)
25th November 2020, 14:58
Brilliantly written article.
SteveR
25th November 2020, 16:12
So what’s happened to VJ? Is he in jail in India?
anon
25th November 2020, 20:53
SteveR, he is still currently in the UK.
The Indian government has submitted an extradition request, but the UK government has said that it is not possible to extradite him yet – it appears that there are confidential legal negotiations that are still ongoing, and Mallya cannot be extradited without those being resolved.
cvlion
25th November 2020, 20:12
Excellent article. Chapeau !
DaveW (@dmw)
25th November 2020, 20:49
The claim that Wolff was persuaded in his view of bids by the threat that Mazepin would not buy 7k trucks from Daimler AG is the thirteenth chime of this clock. It’s absurd. It suggests that the plaintiffs claims here have as much merit as trumps lawsuits to overturn the us election.
GeeMac (@geemac)
26th November 2020, 7:08
@dmw It may not be as far fetched as you think. I recall hearing/reading something said by a well established F1 journo that the Mercedes Epson sponsorship deal was eventually agreed because Epson agreed to put an Epson printer in every single Mercedes dealer in the world.
X1Znet (@x1znet)
25th November 2020, 21:29
First: Thank-you! I have not found any other write-up of this affair that answers all my questions like this article.
Stroll’s decision to buy Force India goes way beyond Lance’s racing career, but I cannot convince myself the same is true of Mazepin and Uralkali. I think it would have been the worst thing for Force India had Uralkali’s bid prevailed over Stroll’s consortium.
Uralkali is a potash chemical company — that owning an F1 team as means of promoting their company seems like a load of fertilizer to me… it’s not the type of company that typically uses F1 to promote itself.
Racing Point had told us the name was temporary and now we know it will become Aston Martin — surely something like this was part of Stroll’s plans all along.
Luckily, there is no way the outcome of this court case can change the ownership of Racing Point/Aston Martin now. I could be completely wrong, but the best outcome Uralkali/Mazepin can get is some kind of financial compensation from the joint administrators.
OOliver
25th November 2020, 21:52
Yet Redbull makes energy drinks.
X1Znet (@x1znet)
26th November 2020, 1:11
Energy drinks have mass appeal.
Cars have mass appeal.
Potash is a crucial chemical and but it does not have mass appeal… it’s fertilizer.
Pod
26th November 2020, 6:40
And it’s a commodity chemical. There’s no branding involved at all. Sold on price and delivery terms by the ton.
GeeMac (@geemac)
26th November 2020, 7:10
@x1znet Explain Mass appeal isn;t the only reason to get involved in F1. Look at Haas, CNC Machine Tools don’t shift in the same numbers as cans of energy drink…but they are in the sport none the less.
anon
26th November 2020, 8:09
@geemac the broader point still stands over whether you would trust Mazepin to invest in the team for the long term though. They’ve talked up their bid price, but there seems to be very little detail about what they would have done next.
GeeMac (@geemac)
26th November 2020, 8:15
I do agree with that anon. Mazepin’s protests seem to be based solely on the fact his bid was highest, Stroll’s consortium seem to have won because they had the best plan for the business.
Jim from US (@jimfromus)
25th November 2020, 22:34
Big chunk of information missing if the winning bid was 90m and the losing bid was 101.5m with a top of 122m. 11m isn’t a lot of money to these guys but it is odd that the winning bid was less.
X1Znet (@x1znet)
26th November 2020, 1:18
It was a winning plan, not just a bid. There was more to it that the size of the cheque… and that’s the big chunk of information missing.
If one plan included a new $25m factory and the other didn’t, and if one plan had promises to maintain or even increase staffing, but the other didn’t, those factors would surely influence the JA’s decision.
Red Andy (@red-andy)
26th November 2020, 10:17
@x1znet @jimfromus The administrators’ primary duty is to Force India’s creditors, so on the face of it the ‘plan’ for what happens to the assets after they’re sold is irrelevant. All else being equal you would expect a higher bid to win, since accepting a lower bid means a lower return for the former team’s creditors.
It may be that the administrators did not view the Uralkali offer to be credible, for whatever reason. Or that some of the conditions attached to Stroll’s offer meant that the return to creditors would exceed Uralkali’s bid eventually. But I cannot see how the competing bids’ proposals for the future of the assets would factor into their decision.
X1Znet (@x1znet)
26th November 2020, 20:31
The first goal of administrators is business rescue.
If any of the creditors were dissatisfied with the administrator’s decisions, they could have complained or not accepted. They apparently all quite happy with the outcome, and probably more so when they received advanced payment for what they were owned by Stroll et al so they wouldn’t have to wait months for the actual money to clear the courts system.
Jim from US (@jimfromus)
26th November 2020, 22:06
@red-andy @x1znet Thank you both for the responses. My lack of understanding seems to have to be from my US orientation. Bankruptcy is solely based on returning money to the investors so a lower bid would never be accepted unless the old investors agree to new shares in the newly formed business. It seems that if the main goal is to rescue a business then it makes sense to take a lower bid if it is a better plan to keep the business going.
Gerardo San Martin
27th November 2020, 9:22
Yes. Stroll has, done a good job. Why then did he trashed Checo Perez, a fsithfull and excellent pilot that has helped the team to be where they are for a Vettel who has had lousy results at Ferrari? Something he may be regretting by now. Quite unfair for Checo.
X1Znet (@x1znet)
15th December 2020, 21:29
@jimfromus @red-andy
You might have seen headlines, the judge has issued his decision, and here is the official version:
https://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC/Ch/2020/3442.html
It is not in Uralkali’s favour — which is not surprising to me.
The text is quite long — I’m just at the part the confirms what I had pointed out relating to the UK Insolvency Act, and plan on getting to the end.