As it turns out, Red Bull was not the only 2022 contender keeping their cards close to their chest. After intense speculation, Mercedes have unveiled at Bahrain a race-one-spec chassis with a ‘slimline’ sidepod.
The extreme design has produced a sidepod which appears almost non-existent compared to some of the competition. What remains is merely a small bump on the chassis with a long vertical slit as the intake for the cooling system inside.It has provoked appreciative comments about the boldness of the design and apparent quality of the construction, and a few murmurs that it might not follow the ‘spirit’ of the regulations. But what purpose does it serve, and how have Mercedes achieved this engineering feat?
In Formula 1 aerodynamics, controlling the front tyre wake has always been a key performance differentiator. The air disturbed by the front tyres produces an extremely volatile, ‘dirty’ flow, and if left uncontrolled it would ruin the aerodynamic performance of the latter half of the vehicle.
The wide sidepod design by the likes of Ferrari, Haas, and Aston Martin aims to control this front tyre wake by physically ‘pushing out’ the tyre wake in a similar fashion to what barge boards used to do. With this extremely narrow sidepod, Mercedes have taken the completely opposite approach to control the front tyre wake.
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“There’s a way you can do it with a wider sidepod and there’s a way you can do it with a narrow one and we’ve obviously taken that route,” said Mercedes technical director Mike Elliot in an interview with Sky. “Obviously it’s visually very different, but it’s just a small difference in what we’re trying to do aerodynamically.
“We’ve done that using the narrow sidepod layout to stop the tyre wake sticking to the sidepod and being pulled in, whereas other teams will have gone through a route of pushing the sidepod out as far as they can to try and push it out that way. They’re just two ways of doing the same thing.”
Elliot’s comments provide an insight into the aero concept behind the sidepod design. Because Mercedes has been able to tightly package their cooling design into their chassis (more on this later), they have been able to utilise aerodynamic devices to control the front tyre wake instead of using the sidepod itself.
The ‘turning vane’ above the new sidepod design, where the wing mirrors are mounted, houses the upper side impact structure (above). This structure is important as its surface is angled in such a way to create a downwash providing a high-pressure region underneath. To complement this, the sidepod also flares outwards creating outwash, another high-pressure region.
These high-pressure regions form helpfully behind the front tyre, in front of where the ‘coke bottle’ section of the chassis starts. The front tyre wake is ‘pushed out’ by this high-pressure region, effectively doing the same thing as the wider sidepod.
Above the new sidepod, on the new engine cover, Mercedes has introduced larger cooling louvres to exhaust the hot air from the cooling system. Covered by tape in the first few runs at Bahrain, the cooling louvres have been increased to a total of five from the two we saw in Barcelona. This is likely due to the hotter climate in Bahrain.
Nonetheless, these outlets provide a stream of slower moving air to be guided towards the rear of the car up and over the diffuser, helping create a higher-pressure region that will increase downforce production.
As the sidepod is much narrower, Mercedes have also updated their floor design. Notably, upstream of the sidepod, the outer turning vane has become significantly larger (1), bringing it in line with the likes of Red Bull. This will act like the old-school barge boards and help push the lower part of the tyre wake away from the inlet of the underfloor and sidepod area.
The front wing design has also been updated, altering the flow of air downstream. The uppermost element of the front wing is smaller and the endplates are twisted in order to help push air around the tyre to minimize the wake from the taller, 720mm tyres.
The question on many people’s minds up and down the paddock is the legality of the new sidepod design. The focus rests on Section 3.7.1 of the 2022 Formula 1 Technical Regulations. This section defines what bodywork declared as “sidepods” must conform to.
This section specifies the sidepod must “form no more than two curves on its external surface when intersected by any X or Y plane, each of which must be tangent continuous and open.”
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The rules also stipulate that “on any X plane, any curve that is visible when viewed from the side of the car, must not contain a concave radius of curvature smaller than 200mm” and “on any Y plane, whenever two curves are visible when viewed from the front of the car, neither curve may have a concave radius of curvature smaller than 200mm.” All the curvatures on the design appear to meet the specified radii and therefore the Mercedes solution does seem to comply with the regulations.
The more difficult part to define the legality of is the shrouding of the Side Impact Structure. The technical regulations on the Side Impact Structure mainly revolve around safety and proper mounting of the structure to the chassis and do not constrain the shape of shrouding around the Side Impact Structure as the FIA likely assumed that it would be contained within the sidepod.
Section 13.5.1 only specifies that “the two side-impact structures must be fully enclosed by bodywork, and hence no part of them should be exposed to the external air stream.” Given that Mercedes has already provided the FIA with the CAD models and drawings, it seems that this shape is in compliance with the regulations too. Even Mercedes’ bitter rivals Red Bull acknowledged today that the design appears to be legal.
This radical new concept that Mercedes has opted for in their sidepod design all stems from their ability to package the cooling radiators so tightly into the chassis. This will be hard for other teams to replicate as Mercedes has likely designed the chassis with this in mind.
The radiator is squeezed into the monocoque near where the fuel cell and ERS battery pack are located. Because flow velocities are relatively low near the face of the radiator, it is possible to recess the radiator into the monocoque and direct flow to it.
To replicate this, teams would have to completely redesign the monocoque, or at the very least this section of the monocoque and re-homologate their survival cell. It is unlikely for any team to be able to achieve this within the season.
Formula 1 technical director Pat Symonds gave some insight into how this has been done. He admitted Mercedes’ design was “a little bit more radical” than they expected teams would produce for F1’s new 2022 technical regulations based on the cooling demands they foresaw.
“As we developed the aerodynamics of this set of regulations, obviously we looked at lots of things,” he told the official F1 channel. “Not just the downforce it’s producing, but we have to look at brake cooling, we have to look at tyre heating and particularly we have to look at engine cooling. We were using a bigger inlet than that to get the cooling.
“On the Mercedes they have a few little tricks in there that help them in this respect. For example, the intercooler is a very, very neat device. It’s a water air intercooler, which of course Mercedes have had for a little while. But I think this is a little bit different and that’s why they can really shrink wrap this car a little bit more than most of the others can.”
“People are doing this sort of air-breathing rocket motor and this sort of spin-off from that has been this really extremely efficient heat exchanger technology,” Symonds added, “and I think that’s part of the reason why they’ve been able to produce the car the way they have.”
Mercedes has combined their creative interpretation of the regulations with their edge in cooling packaging to create their slimline sidepods. It remains to be seen whether this concept will yield a large advantage but it is refreshing to see a new concept and, importantly, to see the constructors’ champions continue to push the boundaries of the sport.
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Mark (@blueruck)
11th March 2022, 18:23
Always impressed Alto with your technical write up. I’m lucky to understand 50% of what you write :)
It is interesting that it is going to be difficult for any team to replicate the Merc design in 2022. With the engines being locked down this year, I wonder if it is going to be very difficult for anyone to fully replicate Merc’s design even in 2023 unless Merc supplies their ICE. Of course the design has to be proven on track before anyone wants to copy.
The Dolphins
11th March 2022, 18:31
The engines are locked down but what constitutes the engine? Does this include cooling systems? Perhaps a good question for @altoono
The Dolphins
11th March 2022, 18:29
I’m looking forward to learning more about how they’re cooling the engines with this “capillary radiator” and no doubt if it works we’ll see it up and down the field next season. You’ve gotta hand it to Mercedes’ engineers (your view on their management and drivers aside) they are quite clever with what they’ve introduced in F1 since 2014: split turbo, pre-ignition chamber, DAS
I still believe/hope that Ferrari are as competitive as their testing display even with the rumored performance/sandbagging of the Mercedes.
RB13
11th March 2022, 19:29
Management and drivers? I think you meant Red Bull for the questionable management and drivers pal.
The Dolphins
11th March 2022, 19:58
Certainly neither are angels, I’m not defending anyone, just giving the engineers credit.
Mark (@blueruck)
12th March 2022, 11:12
+1
Naughty Neutral
12th March 2022, 3:15
Sigh. This one note song has gone on for long enough. Is that the only turner you sing to?
RandomMallard
12th March 2022, 0:11
Was it Merc who pioneered FRIC suspension as well? Whether they first introduced it or not I definitely seem to remember they made did well out of it.
Boomerang
12th March 2022, 7:22
When Mike said in Barcelona that RB18 sidepods are something ‘the team will look into’ it sounded like a joke. When W13 appeared in Bahrain there was no doubt that Mercedes’ TD has a good sense of humour. However, complexity of rotating tire wake is not just that simple, you have to take into account Magnus effect as well. The wake created by rotating surface is ‘a little bit’ harder to tame because the nature of the wake is different. Secondly, considering Lewis’ comments about taming W13 I take these comments with a pinch of salt. No team is testing the car with lower ride height. The car is definitely pushed to the extremes and with 13km/h top speed deficit to RB18 I think they are doing fine, just exploring new areas. For the conclusion I have to express my regret because of J-damper being banned. I consider it as a huge mistake not only because respecting Prof. Malcolm Smith but because of safety and financial negative consequences.
SammyH
12th March 2022, 16:03
It would be great to see Ferrari competitive again (without any questionable trickery). Unfortunately they’ve a history of winning testing, promising much, and then massively disappointing once the season starts. For now I’m crossing my fingers that this season we have at least 3 teams and 6 drivers all competing for the titles. 🤞
iCarbs (@icarby)
11th March 2022, 19:24
This seems logical to me in the fact they have struggled for a while with cooling. So with research or a partnership with another company in this area has opened up options with presumably aerodynamic benefits, but lets see what the first race brings…
Markp
11th March 2022, 22:21
Have Merc and Ferrari taken opposite directions on the design circle to end up at similar performance points? Everyone else has inbetweeners solutions yet these 2 are extreme in polar opposite philosophes. Can’t wait however alot of focus on sidepods but other variables like engines with E10 and suspensions are not visible so less coverage, these areas will be a huge factor on overall performance.
Rob (@)
12th March 2022, 1:21
mercedes will be miles ahead
ferrox glideh (@ferrox-glideh)
11th March 2022, 21:22
Another fine article by Alto Ono!
Becken Lima (@becken-lima)
11th March 2022, 22:20
Isn’t weird that a F1 technical director — someone I guess has a lot of inside info — gives so much insight into an innovative design of competitor?
Ian Stephens
12th March 2022, 1:41
If you mean the insight Mike Elliott gave, everything he said had already been worked out by the other teams (and Alto). The look on his face as he said it gave me the impression that there is more to it that no-one else has spotted yet.
I have an opinion
11th March 2022, 22:42
The elephant in the room: this car has less frontal area and therefore less drag and higher top speed. Barring unreliability or unforseen downforce perturbations, it will be unbeatable.
slowmo (@slowmo)
12th March 2022, 0:29
Less drag can also mean better fuel efficiency so you carry less fuel in race trim and hence maybe lighter on your tyres as well as potentially they’d be a few kilos lighter than their opposition. All depends on the concept working as expected though.
Iosif (@afonic)
12th March 2022, 9:16
That’s a simplification. These cars rely on downforce not just top speed.
JustSomeone
12th March 2022, 13:01
The other big flaw in this design: immediate and significant floor damage when an opponent barges in…?
Kimberley Barrass
12th March 2022, 0:27
Pulling together different reports and comments – people do seem to think that the Mercedes is very fast indeed and in some corners today it looked planted.. – but in the slow ones it looked a bit of a handful. Does anyone really have an idea of whether this is any good or not yet?
NS Biker (@rekibsn)
12th March 2022, 1:19
To be concise … yes.
JohnS
12th March 2022, 3:48
I hope it works for them, but lots of things seem troubling to me.
I think it will either be a hero or a zero.
They don’t seem to be using the energy in the cooling air very efficiently, unlike others.
Just seems so risky.
But the BS stops when the green flag drops.
Good luck to them
JohnS
12th March 2022, 3:50
and the airflow around the car in a turn is not straight, unlikem in the wind tunnels.
formevic (@formevic)
12th March 2022, 12:01
Sidepods super efficient? Time will tell. Aspect? The ugliest ever since 2014. It looks lime a smashed car, hitted with an hammer all around.
Zap (@)
12th March 2022, 14:13
The shrink wrap effect doesn’t help. Without the bumps it would look like an F-104 Starfighter